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  What it means

  Literally “to call things by their name,” this phrase means “to call a spade a spade” — to speak plainly, honestly, without euphemism or evasion. A person who “nazywa rzeczy po imieniu” is someone who says what they mean directly, even if it is blunt or uncomfortable. The phrase is often used as a compliment for honesty: “Lubię go — zawsze nazywa rzeczy po imieniu” (I like him — he always tells it like it is).

  Vocabulary

  • nazywać — to call, to name (imperfective verb)
  • rzeczy — things (accusative plural of 'rzecz', feminine noun)
  • po imieniu — by the name; literally 'after/by the first name'
  • imieniu — locative of 'imię' (first name)

  Grammar note

  'Rzeczy' is the accusative plural of 'rzecz' — note that this is a soft-stem feminine noun with an irregular accusative plural identical to the genitive singular. 'Po imieniu' uses 'po' + locative, a common Polish construction meaning 'by [a name or title]': 'mówić komuś po imieniu' (to address someone by their first name). The verb 'nazywać' is imperfective, emphasizing the habitual or ongoing nature of speaking plainly.

  Cultural context

  This phrase has a positive connotation in Polish culture, where directness is valued in intellectual and professional discourse. It is often used when describing courageous journalists, honest politicians, or frank friends. The English equivalent 'to call a spade a spade' carries the same meaning and similar approval. It appears frequently in opinion writing and political commentary.

  Beginner

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